`ComparatorChallenges/CoulombCounterexample.lean`

Explanation legend Lean4 Domain Explanation Language (L4DEL)

L4DEL explanations are a separate layer. They do not change the Lean source. Intuition is explanatory prose; numbered items are a reading path; sources link the wording back to evidence.

L4DEL: Lean4 Domain Explanation Language

Annotation provenance. This overlay contains 120 curated AI-written annotations and 1273 mechanical source-derived annotations. They have not been human-reviewed as explanations; treat them as unverified and not mathematical authority. Retained generation history: The 9 original curated annotations were produced in a Claude Sonnet 5.5 session at medium effort; Claude Opus 5.5 is recorded in that session as the advisor model, not the direct author. Those 9 annotations were revised on 2026-10-14 to bind all of them to exact page-one quotations from 6 pinned OpenAI manuscripts, the matching pinned formalization notes, and named historical primary sources; no human review is claimed, and the exact runtime model identifier was not exposed to the artifact generator. The 3 manuscript-grounded matrix-multiplication annotations were composed from pinned OpenAI manuscripts and named historical sources in a Codex session on 2026-10-14; no human review is claimed, and the exact runtime model identifier was not exposed to the artifact generator. Six additional target-specific annotations for Catalan's constant, the irrationality exponent of pi, dyadic Erdos similarity, Unique Games, quintic Lienard systems, and Yau nodal growth were composed from pinned OpenAI manuscripts, exact page-one quotations, exact Lean statements, and named historical sources in a Codex session on 2026-10-14; no human review is claimed, and the exact runtime model identifier was not exposed to the artifact generator. Four additional target-specific annotations for Seymour's second-neighborhood conjecture, Cannon's conjecture, Koebe circle-domain uniformization, and circle-domain rigidity were composed from 4 pinned OpenAI manuscripts, exact page-one quotations, exact Lean statements, and named historical primary sources in a Codex session on 2026-10-14; no human review is claimed, and the exact runtime model identifier was not exposed to the artifact generator. Four additional target-specific annotations for simple Lebesgue spectrum on the three-torus, Rokhlin multiple mixing, the nine-dimensional Borsuk counterexample, and Tingley's sphere-isometry problem were composed from 4 pinned OpenAI manuscripts, exact page-one quotations, exact Lean statements, and named historical primary sources in a Codex session on 2026-10-14; no human review is claimed, and the exact runtime model identifier was not exposed to the artifact generator. Four additional target-specific annotations for the Abhyankar-Sathaye counterexample, the circulant Hadamard conjecture, the Eilenberg-Ganea counterexample, and short Egyptian fractions were composed from 4 pinned OpenAI manuscripts, exact page-one quotations, exact Lean statements, and quotations from Sathaye, Turyn with Storer, Eilenberg with Ganea, and Erdos in a Codex session on 2026-10-14; no human review is claimed, and the exact runtime model identifier was not exposed to the artifact generator. Four additional target-specific annotations for the complete Crouzeix inequality, unrestricted Euclidean five-coloring, the general Mahler conjecture, and Thompson F nonamenability were composed on 2026-10-14 from exact Lean statements, 4 pinned OpenAI manuscripts, the matching formalization notes, and linked historical sources by Crouzeix, de Grey, Mahler, Cannon, Floyd, and Parry; no human review is claimed. Four additional target-specific annotations for algorithmic strong thin trees, Barnette's Hamiltonian-cycle conjecture, the explicit Artin CAT(0) counterexample, and generalized amplitude-damping capacity were composed on 2026-10-14 from exact Lean statements, 4 pinned OpenAI manuscripts, matching formalization notes, and linked historical sources by Anari with Goddyn, Arts with Hopman and Timmermans, Charney, and Khatri with Sharma and Wilde; no human review is claimed. Fourteen solution-level annotations for Seymour's second-neighborhood theorem were added on 2026-10-14 from the pinned 15-page manuscript, covering the exact-neighborhood model, minimal-counterexample reduction, subset deficit, transitive blowup, pruning, extremal contradiction, and proof-bearing final theorem. The subset and blowup annotations also bind exact quotations from Tyler Seacrest (2019) and Brantner, Brockman, Kay, and Snively (2009); no human review is claimed. Thirty-seven declaration-level annotations were added on 2026-10-14 for the rest of ComparatorChallenges/AlgorithmicThinTrees.lean, covering its multigraph semantics, stack-machine cost model, explicit and binary-multiplicity encodings, output certificate, and complete algorithmic proposition. They are bound to the pinned OpenAI manuscript and linked earlier thin-tree sources by Luis Goddyn, Nima Anari, and Shayan Oveis Gharan; the annotation explicitly preserves that the concluding comparator theorem still has body by sorry, and no human review is claimed. Thirty-one supporting declarations in ComparatorChallenges/UniqueGamesTheorem.lean were upgraded or added on 2026-10-14, completing curated coverage of all thirty-two declarations in that file. The annotations cover the finite game model, Boolean formula and parser, binary-vector translations, explicit output serialization, finite-alphabet machine contract, and gap theorem; they distinguish manuscript-backed mathematics from Lean-specific canonical parsing and unary game output encoding, bind exact OpenAI manuscript quotations, and credit Subhash Khot through his 2010 survey. The comparator theorem remains explicitly labeled as having body by sorry; no human review is claimed. The source-derived generator was hardened on 2026-10-14 so a formalization note covering multiple comparator results no longer copies its combined Scope prose onto each declaration; those targets now use declaration-specific source comments when available and otherwise remain explicitly bounded to the exact Lean statement. The remaining source-derived annotations were generated mechanically from pinned formalization notes and source comments by tooling developed in a GPT-5.6 Sol session at ultra reasoning; GPT-5.6 Sol did not originate the source prose.

Credit: OpenAI's pinned repository says an unreleased internal model produced the manuscripts and supporting proof artifacts. The collection builds on the mathematics community's accumulated problems, results, language, and formal libraries; each manuscript's BibTeX and bibliography are the authority for individual scholarly credit.

Project sources: Pinned openai/math documentation, Pinned formalization catalogue

20 declarations, 1 contain sorry, 0 declared as axioms

abbrev OAI.Problem356.E3 line 12
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:12 (same declaration text).
abbrev OAI.Problem356.Triple line 14
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:14 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.tripleFst line 16
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:16 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.tripleSnd line 18
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:18 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.tripleThd line 20
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:20 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.invDistance line 22
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:22 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.coulombCost line 25
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:25 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.IsThreeCoupling line 30
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:30 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.densityMeasure line 36
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:36 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.Preserves line 39
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:39 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.graphCost line 42
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:42 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.kantorovichValue line 45
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:45 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.mongeValue line 49
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:49 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.IsSmoothCompactProbabilityDensity line 54
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:54 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.KantorovichAttained line 62
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:62 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.NoMongeOptimizer line 67
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:67 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.FiniteMongeApproximation line 72
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:72 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.HasCoulombCounterexample line 81
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:81 (same declaration text).
def OAI.Problem356.HasFullCoulombConclusion line 88
Also declared: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Model.lean:88 (same declaration text).
theorem OAI.Problem356.coulomb_counterexample_and_equal_infima Challenge statement: Nonattainment of the three-marginal Coulomb Monge problem sorry line 94
L4DEL explanation
The Monge ansatz asks whether an optimal multi-marginal transport plan can be induced by maps from one marginal. For the three-marginal Coulomb cost in $\mathbb R^3$, the formalization constructs a smooth compactly supported probability density, with smooth compactly supported square root, for which no pair of measure-preserving Borel maps attains the Kantorovich minimum. Nevertheless, the Monge and Kantorovich infima are equal: preserving maps with finite costs approach the minimum. This is the three-dimensional Coulomb result; the paper's inverse-power extensions in every dimension are outside this statement.
1. This is an exact comparator target linked by the pinned repository's formalization note for this result.
2. The repository's comparator configuration selects OAI.Analysis.CoulombTransport.Main as the released solution module checked against this declaration.
Sources and attribution: Pinned Lean source (fd4aeeb2ee4f)
Distinct definitions of this name: OAI/Analysis/CoulombTransport/Conclusion.lean:7 (same statement text; different proof or body). Qualify references as OAI.Problem356.coulomb_counterexample_and_equal_infima@path.
```
theorem coulomb_counterexample_and_equal_infima :
    ∃ rho : E3 → ℝ, HasFullCoulombConclusion rho := by
…
```
Mentions: OAI.Problem356.E3, OAI.Problem356.HasFullCoulombConclusion